Heritage Chicken Breed Guide: Perfect For Eggs & Meat

As chicken raising grows in popularity from backyards to small farms, many homesteaders want to raise heritage chickens that will provide both eggs and meat. Raising heritage chickens helps to conserve and preserve chicken breeds that are becoming rare and endangered from modern breeding practices.

For others, modern breeds have ethical issues attached to them because of the unhealthy growth of the chickens and the shorter lifespans.

This article will cover seven forgotten heritage chicken breeds that have been used for meat and eggs traditionally. Some of these breeds are rarer and may have to be special ordered, while others can often be found locally.

Skip Ahead

If you’ve been following our Best Chicken Breeds Series, then you already know the best chicken breeds for eggs, meat, and the most popular dual-purpose breeds. You also know which breeds are popular for looks and which ones lay brown or blue, or multi-colored eggs. 

Heritage Chickens Are Bred For Meat and Egg Production

Most heritage chicken breeds are great dual-purpose chickens because historically, people didn’t buy eggs or chicken from a store. They raised chickens and wanted hens that laid eggs reguarly and roosters that could plump up for Sunday dinner.

As a result most heritage breeds are great as meat and egg birds. Modern hybrid breeds may specialize in greater production either for eggs or for meat, but never both.

What Heritage Breeds Are Ideal For Both Meat And Eggs? 17 heritage chicken breeds have traditionally been used for more egg and meat production. Several of these breeds are super egg layers, while other breeds are larger breeds that produce more meat in the roosters. Other heritage breeds are fameous for their delicate flavor not found in any other chicken breed.

The best heritage dual-purpose chicken breeds are:

<

To find out about other heritage breeds, check out this page for a full list of heritage chicken breeds and their primary purposes.

You can also click on any of the heritage links and go directly to the breed specifics. First, let’s cover what makes a heritage chicken different from a modern chicken and why many people choose to raise them.

What’s A Heritage Chicken Breed?

Heritage chicken breeds are authentic chicken breeds that your grandparents would have raised. They don’t include modern breeds that are produced for higher profits. Heritage chickens live longer, healthier life spans and have slower growth rates. In the United States, heritage breeds must have been recognized as a breed by the American Poultry Association (APA) prior to 1950. Their genetic lines must be able to be traced back for generations. The individual chicken’s physical traits must conform to the breed standard of the APA.

Heritage chickens must be able to breed and reproduce naturally. Many modern breeds can only be reproduced vía hatcheries or incubators and the chicks mating together produces an off-breed. Heritage chickens breed naturally, roost, and hens care for and hatch the chick eggs.

Heritage chickens also live longer than modern breeds. Hens usually lay eggs for at least 5-7 years, while roosters are virile for 3-5 years. Heritage chickens usually live 10+ years.

Heritage chickens are slower growing chickens. They usually take at least 16 weeks to grow to full maturity. This gives them time to grow strong bones and a healthy skeletal structure.

Traditionally, heritage chickens were used for both meat and eggs. The hens were used for eggs, while extra roosters and pullets were raised for meat.

• Recognized Breed Prior to 1950
• Individual chickens must conform to APA guidelines for the breed standard
• Genetic lines are traceable for generations
• Healthier, longer living chickens
• Live 10+ years
• Fewer health problems
• Slower growth and more disease resistant
• Reproduces naturally
• Traditionally used for meat & eggs.

Heritage chickens are often considered more authentic chicken breeds. Many of these breeds are becoming rare or endangered because they don’t lay eggs as often as modern layer breeds or they don’t grow as fast as the super-growth chicken breeds of today.

As a result, commercial growers, as well as small farms often opt for modern breeds due to the economics of raising faster-producing chickens. This means that heritage breeds are becoming rarer.

But, many preppers and homesteaders are opting for the healthier and longer-living heritage breeds both for conservation purposes and also because of the growing belief that healthier chickens mean healthier food.

Let’s dive into the first of seven forgotten heritage chicken breeds that will provide both great tasting meat and a decent number of eggs for your table.

Buckeye Chicken: The Original Red Chicken

Buckeye chickens are a unique breed as they are the only chicken breed that was created exclusively by a woman. Mrs. Nettie Metcalf, of Warren, Ohio was laughed at by neighbors as the first few generations were funny looking chickens with “green legs.”

But her persistence paid off! She was able to obtain a red chicken. Buckeyes came about before Rhode Island Reds.

A few years after her breed, she learned that the Rhode Island Reds were also bred and she traded stock with some of the breeders. Buckeyes may have contributed to the Rhode Island Reds genetically. Buckeyes were bred before the Rhode Island Reds.

Buckeye chickens weren’t originally called buckeye. Mrs. Metcalf named her new breed Pea Combed Rhode Island Reds but found that the name limited their popularity. Instead, she changed the name and named it after the “Buckeye State”.  

Breed	Meat Production Weight (lbs)	Egg Production (per year)	Origins
Buckeye	9	180	Developed in Ohio, USA; known for its hardiness and utility.
Hamburg	5	220	Originated in Germany; known for its beautiful plumage and egg-laying ability.
Sussex	9	180	Originated in England; versatile for meat and egg production.
Houdan	8	180	French breed; known for its distinctive crest and for being a good layer.
Andalusian	7	165	From Andalusia, Spain; known for its striking blue plumage and good laying ability.
Turken (Naked Neck)	7	120	Origin is debated, possibly Eastern Europe; unique for its bare neck and heat tolerance.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Cold & Hot	Friendly	Meat & Eggs	M: 9 lbs F: 6 lbs	180	Yes	Yes

• Cold and Hot Climate Tolerant
• Great for First Timers because of Friendliness
• Predator Resistant

Hamburg Chickens: Dutch Everyday Layers

Hamburgs are a startling lovely bird. Their black and white plumage is beautiful to look at. In fact, Hamburg chickens were reportedly the first birds in a poultry contest in the early 1800s. The judge was a bartender and the prize, a copper kettle.

They were originally called Peasant Fowl and Yorkshire Fowl. They originated in Holland.  In Europe, they are often called Hamburgh.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Variety	Active	Eggs	M: 5 lbs F: 4 lbs	225	No	Yes

• Exotic-looking show birds
• Long lifespan of egg laying
• Excellent at free-ranging and avoiding predators
• Not great in small spaces

Sussex Chickens: Roman Chickens- A Staple To The British

Sussex chickens originated in England around the time of the Roman invasion, in about 43 AD. The original Sussex chickens didn’t look like today’s chickens and are believed to be mostly brown and speckled. They were bred with Roman fowl. Romans introduced the English to poultry as a main table dish.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Hot & Cold	Gentle, Calm	Meat & Eggs	M: 9 lbs F: 7 lbs	180	Yes	Yes

• Perfect All-around chicken
• Happy in all climates
• Dual purpose chicken

Houdan Chicken; Excellent Heat Tolerant Layer

About 60 miles west of France is the town of Houdan, which Houdan chickens were named for. Houdans are believed to have originated from the Roman’s 5 toed chicken breeds and developed in France and Belgium.

They came from the old fowl found in the area that were bred with the old crested race from Normandy. They have been called “Normandy Fowl” and “French Chicken.”

Houdans are beloved for their tasty meat. They have earned the coveted “Label Rouge” certification for excellent meat and taste in France. In the 1700s Houdans were the chicken of aristocrats and were served in the French courts. They were Imported to England in 1865 but failed to become widely popular.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Hot	Gentle	Meat & Eggs	M: 8 lbs F: 6.5 lbs	180	Yes	Predator Weak

• Dual Purpose Birds
• Great for backyards
• Heat tolerant

Andalusian Chickens, Spanish Dual Purpose Chickens

The Andalusian originates from Andalucia, Spain. The history of the bird isn’t known but it likely came from the Castille breed. It resembles a Spanish Chicken but is lighter in weight.

They are one of the oldest Mediterranean chicken breeds.

In 1846, Mr. Leonard Barber imported it to England. The birds were originally a dull grey color. They were then developed and bred in England to produce beautiful, consistent blue coloring.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Hot	Active Gentle	Eggs	F: 7 lbs M: 5.5 lbs	165	No	Yes

• Strong Forager
• Beautiful Plumage
• Threatened Species

Turken Naked Neck Chickens: Not A Turkey

The Turken Naked Neck is also called “Naked Neck’ although there is another chicken breed with a naked neck, the French Naked Neck chicken.

You might also see it referred to as the Transylvanian Naked Neck because it originated in Transylvania, or Eastern Hungary and Romania.

The name Turken originally came because it was believed to be a cross between a turkey and a chicken. Although a crossbreed would produce sterile offspring. Instead, the naked neck comes from a DNA molecule called BMPas, which blocks feathers.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Hot & Cold	Gentle, Calm	Meat	M: 7  lbs F: 6 lbs	120	No	Yes

• Rare Turkey-looking chicken
• Disease resistant
• Perfect for backyards

Sultan Chicken: Royal Birds With An Elegant Flair  

The Sultan came from Turkey and were originally used as ornamental birds in the Sultan’s Palace during the time of the Ottoman Empire. They were favored because they didn’t’ scratch or peck at the royal gardens. They are also known as Serai, Tuvok, or Serai Tarook in Turkey, which means Sultan Chickens.

In 1854, Ms Elizabeth Watts had them imported from Constanopal to England where they arrived very dirty and worn. After several months, she was able to confirm they birds were pure white.

Climate	Personality	Use	Size	Eggs/ Yr	Brooder	Forages
Not Wet	Tame, Gentle	Ornamental & Meat	M: 6 lbs F: 4 lbs	50	No	Not a lot

• Royal chickens with fancy attire
• Perfect for beautifying a flock
• Excellent foragers

Maline Chickens Exquisite Taste

Blue Hen of Delaware Chicken: Stunningly Unique

Scots Grey Chicken- Supurbly Adaptable

Old English Game Chickens: Warriors

Scots Dumpy Chickens:

Lakenvelder Chicken Breed: Striking Beauties

Indonesian Kedu Chicken Breed

Frequently Asked Questions

What are Heritage Chickens?

Heritage chickens are breeds that have been recognized by agricultural organizations like the American Poultry Association for their historical significance, genetic diversity, and adaptation to outdoor environments. These breeds were commonly raised before the mid-20th century, before the rise of commercial poultry production.

Why Raise Heritage Chickens?

Raising heritage chickens supports biodiversity and the preservation of historic breeds. These chickens often have traits such as disease resistance, longevity, and the ability to naturally mate. Additionally, they can provide unique and flavorful eggs and meat.

How do Heritage Chickens Differ from Commercial Breeds?

Heritage chickens are typically slower growing and live longer than commercial breeds. They are better suited to free-range conditions, displaying strong foraging behaviors and a higher level of predator awareness. Commercial breeds are often selected for rapid growth and high productivity in controlled environments.

What are Some Examples of Heritage Chicken Breeds?

Examples include the Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, Sussex, Orpington, and Wyandotte. Each breed has unique characteristics, such as plumage color, body size, and temperament.

Can Heritage Chickens Be Used for Egg Production?

Yes, many heritage breeds are excellent layers, offering a good supply of eggs. While they may not lay as many eggs as some commercial hybrids, their eggs can vary in size, color, and flavor, adding value to small-scale farming and homesteading operations.

Are Heritage Chickens Suitable for Meat Production?

While heritage chickens grow more slowly than commercial meat breeds, they are praised for their flavorful and firm meat. Breeds like the Jersey Giant and the Dorking are particularly well-regarded for meat production.

How Do I Care for Heritage Chickens?

Heritage chickens generally require the same basic care as other chickens, including access to clean water, a balanced diet, and secure housing. However, they thrive in environments that allow for natural behaviors like foraging, dust bathing, and roosting. It’s important to protect them from predators and to provide adequate space for their well-being.

How Can I Start Raising Heritage Chickens?

Begin by researching to find a breed that matches your climate, space, and goals. Purchase chicks or hatching eggs from reputable breeders or preservation organizations to ensure genetic diversity and health. Starting with a small flock allows you to learn about their specific needs and behaviors.

Are Heritage Chickens More Disease Resistant?

Heritage chickens can exhibit strong natural disease resistance due to their genetic diversity and the traditional breeding practices that maintained robust health traits. However, like all animals, they can still be susceptible to common poultry diseases, so good management and biosecurity practices are essential.

How Can I Help Preserve Heritage Chicken Breeds?

Raising heritage chickens, participating in breed clubs and societies, and sharing knowledge about these breeds can all contribute to their preservation. Supporting farms and organizations that focus on heritage poultry conservation is also crucial for maintaining genetic diversity and heritage breed populations.

Conclusion

Heritage chickens have a lot to offer. They are usually friendlier chickens that are great for families with children. Many of them forage well and won’t require as much in feed to raise and own.

If you are interested in other heritage breeds be sure to check out the Sicilian Buttercup breed for it’s distinctive looks. Or you might fall in love with the Redcap Chicken with its distinctive brown laced pattern. Minorca chickens are a heritage breed that also forages extremely well.

Or check out the Pekin chicken with its striking white body and impressive egg laying. The La Fleche chicken breed is a flavorful heritage meat chicken. If you are looking for a rare heritage breed, check out the Lakenvelder chicken. 

With the exception of the Sultan chicken, the other heritage chicken breeds lay over 100 eggs a year, with some laying over 200 eggs a year! Heritage chickens are usually mid-sized to large-sized birds that have healthier dispositions and are usually more disease resistant than modern strains. For an especially hardy winter heritage breed, check out the Icelandic chicken breed. 

I hope you enjoy raising your heritage chickens as much as my family has enjoyed raising ours! Don’t forget to check out 10 Amazingly Beautiful Chicken Breeds That Also Lay Eggs in the next article in our series. 

Additional Amazing Heritage breeds: 

Houdan Chicken Breed
Frizzle Chicken Breed
Hamburg Chicken Breed
Catalana Chicken Breed

Feature Image Photo Credit: Cackle Hatchery